The phenomenon of nationality in our species is a subset of group identity. Group/social identity, in turn, goes back thousands (and millions) of years, to all past human societies, pre-human primates, and social carnivores. Through countless centuries and millenia of observational learning and intergenerational transfers, human heritages of nationality (the most prestigious and sovereign of our social identities) have solidified into cultural heritages. Nationality in World History traces the phenomenon of group identity from its pre-human evolutionary roots, to the prehistoric development of uniquely human social characteristics, through the ancient, medieval, and modern eras of world history. From latter pre-history onwards, we identify three primary heritages of nationality (sovereign group formation) in our species. These are: the Kinship-Ethnic Heritage, the Territorial-Civic Heritage, and the Pastoral-Charismatic Dependency Heritage CONTENTS: Nationality in World History 805 pp Acknowledgments i-ii Preface/Introduction 1-20 Section One: Definitions and Theory (1) 21 1. “What Is A Nationality?” (28) 22-50 2. “Why Do We Create Nationalities?” (84) 51-133 3. “How Have People Formed and Maintained Nationalities?” (36) 134-170 Section Two: How Have National Identities Evolved in European History? (2) 170-171 4. “State Formation & Proto-Nationalities in the Ancient Near East” (70) 172-237 5. “Single and Multiethnic Nationalities in the Ancient Mediterranean” (94) 238-332 6. “Rome, Venice, and the Third Nationality Cycle” (50) 333-383 7. “Portugal and Spain: From Pathfinders to Backwaters” (28) 384-402 8. “Multiethnicity and the Making of English Nationality” (41) 403-444 9. “First New Nation: Rise of the Dutch Model” (40) 445-485 10. “The Evolution of Russian National Identity” (33) 486-519 11. “The European Union: Supranational Unifier?” (29) 520-549 Section Three: How Have National Identities Evolved Beyond Europe? (2) 550-551 12. “The Yellow, the Yangtze, and the World’s Largest Nation” (34) 552-586 13. “The Origins of American National Identity” (35) 587-622 14. “The Limits of Rhetoric: Unifications and Articulations of Mexican Nationality” (31) 623-654 15. “Beyond Kinship: Nationality Through Tanzanian History” (26) 655-681 16. “Towards the Civic? Imperial and Modern India” (25) 682-707 Conclusions and Notes: 17. Key Findings (40) 708-748 18. Lexicon (20) 749-769 Index (35) 770-805 Bibliographies/References (in chapter) Copyright 2008 Philip L. White and Michael L. White |
Ethnic
Civic
Charismatic-Authoritarian
Nationality
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Primates:
monkeys
baboons
gorillas
chimpanzees
bonobos
Social Carnivores:
hyenas
lions
wild dogs
wolves
Anthropology:
a.afarensis
a.africanus
h.habilis
h.ergaster
h.erectus
h.heidelberg
h.neanderthal
h.sapiens sapiens (cro-magnons)
Prehistory:
hunter-gatherers
herders
farmers
Ancient- First Nationality Cycle:
Mesopotamia/Sumer
Ancient Egypt
Hebrews
Hittites
'Sea Peoples'
monkeys
baboons
gorillas
chimpanzees
bonobos
Social Carnivores:
hyenas
lions
wild dogs
wolves
Anthropology:
a.afarensis
a.africanus
h.habilis
h.ergaster
h.erectus
h.heidelberg
h.neanderthal
h.sapiens sapiens (cro-magnons)
Prehistory:
hunter-gatherers
herders
farmers
Ancient- First Nationality Cycle:
Mesopotamia/Sumer
Ancient Egypt
Hebrews
Hittites
'Sea Peoples'
| Ancient- Second Nationality Cycle: Greeks Athens Sparta Roman kingdom Roman Republic Roman Empire 'barbarians' Medieval Europe- Third Nationality Cycle: Anglo-Saxons Post-Roman Gaul Byzantium Venetian Republic Christendom Early/Modern Europe: Portugal Spain England & U.K. Netherlands Russia European Union Beyond Europe: Ancient China Early America Mexico Tanzania India |
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The History of a Social Phenomenon